Background: Concrete production around the globe is in billions of tons. Consequently, million metric tons of carbon dioxide are produced annually due to the cement consumption and production which, in turn, cause ...

Energy conservation is an emerging global issue for sustainable infrastructure development. (e building sector energy demand accounts for approximately 34% of the world’s energy demand, and artificial lighting consumes ...

The increasing human population in cities and urban areas continues to raise the demand for housing and other infrastructure in developing nations. Stability of structures is critical for sustainable development to ensure ...