School of Business and Human Resource management

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Assessment of interest rates influence on deposit mobilization for selected saving credit co-operative societies in western
(IJRDO-Journal of Business Management, 2016-11-11) luvate, goefre; Sangoro, Oscar; mwau, dr.jonathan
ABSTRACT From an institutional perspective, the primary motive for mobilizing savings lies in lower cost of capital compared to other sources of funds. In Western region, various cooperative societies have been registering losses and even some have gone out of business which has always been ascribed to reduced deposits by their customers. For instance, SACCOs such as Mumias Out growers Sacco Society (MOSSACO) was temporarily closed down in 2009 because of deposits withdrawal by majority of its members thus leaving the SACCO with low capital base to facilitate its operations. The interest rate at the time were at five percent while the one offered on loans were at 15 percent which were considered low on deposits and high on loans. The study design was a descriptive study with comparative design; the study population comprised of employees and customers of selected SACCOS. The study sample size was 293 members. Data collection instruments were questionnaire and interview schedule. Reliability and validity of instrument were done accordingly. Data were analyzed by use of quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the interest rates influence on deposit mobilization of the SACCOS selected for the study. It was found that most of the customers agreed that their knowledge on interest rates has helped them to make savings in their respective SACCOs. This result suggests that trying to influence the SACCOs deposits by manipulating interest rates is not likely to be a practical policy option in western region. However it was recommended that the SACCOs should attempt to maintain competitive positive real interest rates relative to those offered by other financial institutions in order to increase their savings. Further recommendation to use both qualitative and inferential methods of analysis like liner correlations and Carrying out study with SACCOs that have member spread all over the country to refine the findings applicability Key words; SACCO, Deposits, Deposit-taking, Interest, interest rates, deposit mobilization
The Assessment of the Effect of Firm Size on Competitiveness of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(Journal of International Business and Management, 2021) Owino, Moses O.; Mulwa, Jonathan; Wagude, Janet
Over the past few decades, Kenya’s banking industry has been experiencing several challenges and upheavals. Thus, it is worth exploring the business strategies that banks adapt to survive and remain competitive in the banking industry. In establishing the nature of the relationship between the working environment and the outside environment, the size of a corporation plays a critical role. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of firm size on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted an Expost Facto research design to analyse data and establish relationships between variables. Ten-years secondary panel data collected on commercial banks of Kenya obtained from the Central Bank of Kenya database was utilised. Data was analysed inferentially using correlation and regression analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilised to summarise the data meaningfully. Results showed that commercial banks size (firm size) was positively correlated with the bank’s competitiveness (rho= 0.989, p<0.01). Commercial banks size significantly (p<0.05) affects their competitiveness. Therefore, the study concludes that firm size significantly affected the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya, which many authors in works of literature greatly supported. Based on the outcome, microfinance investors should focus on increasing firm size to have an increment in the portfolio returns. Further, commercial banks should improve their capability by increasing their firm sizes
The Assessment of the Effect of Firm Size on Competitiveness of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(Journal of International Business and Management, 2021-01-14) Owino, Moses O.; Wagude, Janet; Mulwa, Jonathan Mwau
Over the past few decades, Kenya’s banking industry has been experiencing several challenges and upheavals. Thus, it is worth exploring the business strategies that banks adapt to survive and remain competitive in the banking industry. In establishing the nature of the relationship between the working environment and the outside environment, the size of a corporation plays a critical role. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of firm size on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted an Expost Facto research design to analyse data and establish relationships between variables. Ten-years secondary panel data collected on commercial banks of Kenya obtained from the Central Bank of Kenya database was utilised. Data was analysed inferentially using correlation and regression analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilised to summarise the data meaningfully. Results showed that commercial banks size (firm size) was positively correlated with the bank’s competitiveness (rho= 0.989, p<0.01). Commercial banks size significantly (p<0.05) affects their competitiveness. Therefore, the study concludes that firm size significantly affected the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya, which many authors in works of literature greatly supported. Based on the outcome, microfinance investors should focus on increasing firm size to have an increment in the portfolio returns. Further, commercial banks should improve their capability by increasing their firm sizes.
An Assessment of the Effect of Prepaid Service Transition in Electricity Bill Payment on KP Customers, a Survey of Kenya Power, West Kenya Kisumu
(American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2013-09) Miyogo, Carolyne Nyanchama; Nyanamba, Steve Ondieki; Nyangweso, Gaster Nashappi
The purposes of the study were to determine employees and clients’ response to the ongoing service transition from post-paid to pre-paid electricity bill payment, to assess key human resource requirements needed for successful transition from post-paid to pre-paid electricity bill payment and to investigate the KP’s organizational strategies adopted towards the change. Stratified random sampling technique was used. Questionnaires were used as data collection instrument. The findings show that customers have embraced the pre paid billing system and that prepaid billing system has brought with it some advantages like making them more careful with their consumption. The most influential human resource aspects necessary in promoting a successful transition from post paid to prepaid electricity bill payment was having appropriate equipment for installing the prepaid meters. The study concluded that customers have embraced the prepaid billing system.
An assessment of the effects of financial inter mediation on business performance: a case study of women owned micro and small enterprises in Kisii municipality – Kenya
(Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2016) Ondieki, Mogire Daniel; Okirigiti, Achimba Clement; Mirera, Ratemo Vincent; Nyanyuki, Finlay Nyakundi
Women as micro and small entrepreneurs have increasingly become the key target group for financial intermediaries. Consequently providing access to financial and non-financial services is not only considered a precondition for poverty alleviation but also considered as a strategy for empowering women. The micro and small enterprises play an important role in the Kenyan economy. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of financial intermediation on business performance. The study was carried out on women owned micro and small enterprises in Kisii Municipality. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The study sought to : assess the extent to which financial intermediaries intermediates between savers and borrowers, to assess the level of business performance of micro and small women owned enterprises and ; to assess whether financial intermediation has an effect on business performance on women owned MSEs in Kisii Municipality. The target population of the study was 150 women owned enterprises in Kisii Municipality (Equity Bank, Kenya Women Finance Trust and Kenya Rural Enterprise-Loan Programme beneficiaries).Random sampling procedure was adopted to sample 108 respondents who participated in the study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics techniques which include frequency tables, percentages and summated averages. A likert scale was used to identify the extent to which financial intermediation influences business performance on women owned MSEs in Kisii Municipality. Microfinance loans, bank loans and co-operative loans were the most preferred sources of finance by the women entrepreneurs. The study findings can be useful to the women entrepreneurs in planning and managing their businesses effectively. The study can also help financial intermediaries and policy makers to formulate appropriate policy framework to guide in the management of registered micro and small women owned enterprises and women entrepreneurship in the country. It can also contribute to the already existing literature on financial intermediation.
Balance Scorecard’s Financial Focus and its implication on the Implementation of Youth-Based Donor-Funded Projects in Homabay County, Kenya
(Eastern Africa Journal of Contemporary Research (EAJCR), 2024-07-28) Ogaga, Wycliffe Cliffe’s; Mulwa, Jonathan Mwau; Wagude, Janet
Youth-based organizations are expected to engage the youth and tap into their energy and synergies while exploiting development opportunities that abound in most rural areas globally and more so in Africa. However, a myriad of challenges, including strategy misfit, poor organizational capacity, weak monitoring and evaluation framework, uncoordinated and ill-focused community participation, have, to some extent, hampered efforts to effectively and strategically implement development projects. Despite different donors having stepped in to support projects among the youths, very low levels of success have been realized. If left unaddressed, this situation would likely become a significant impediment towards the achievement of Kenya’s Vision 2030 and the strides towards the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), considering that the youth constitute a significant pillar of the human capital to drive these aspirations. It remains imperative, therefore, for governments, CBOs and donor agencies to apply appropriate strategic models that would guarantee sustainable project management. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to investigate the influence of Balance Scorecard’s (BSC) Financial Focus, as a strategic model, on the implementation of youth-based donor-funded projects in Homabay County, Kenya. The research was anchored on Dynamic Capabilities and Big Push theories. The study adopted a correlational research design with a study population of 471 managers of the registered youth groups implementing various donor-funded projects in Homabay County, Kenya. Data was collected from a sample of 216 youth group managers spread across the eight Sub-Counties of Homabay County using a self-administered questionnaire; and was analyzed using multiple regression, computed using IBM SPSS version 29. The study found that BSC’s financial focus had significant positive influence on the implementation of youth-based donor-funded projects in Homabay County. The findings underscored the significant role that organization’s financial focus play in enhancing the successful implementation of donor-funded projects among the youth groups. The study recommended that the youth groups should continuously and consistently work towards improving the building blocks of their financial focus, to improve the success rates while implementing donor-funded projects
Bank Diversification and Market Valuation: An Analysis of Commercial Banks Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
(Eastern Africa Journal of Contemporary Research (EAJCR), 2020) Mulwa, Jonathan Mwau
The discourse on bank diversification and performance has long been based on accounting measures of performance. However, these measures only present the historical and present outlook of firm performance while ignoring the expected performance and risk assessments placed on such performance by the markets. Additionally, just like any other internal decision, managers can use time discretions over accounting data to minimize their personal and regulatory exposures. In an efficient financial market, it is expected that the market can account for managerial decisions in the market values of the firms. Such decisions include diversification. Agency theory has anticipated this scenario by proposing that diversification destroys value, though empirical evidence on the same is ambiguous. This raises the question of whether the financial market is efficient enough to value the diversification decisions of commercial banks and if so, what the effect of bank diversification on its market value would be. This research analyses the effect of income and asset diversification on the market value of commercial banks listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) over the period 2009 to 2017. The study controls for any possible valuation effects on a firm arising from its market power. Secondary data was obtained from Central Bank of Kenya Supervision Reports and the NSE Investor Handbook and analyzed using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The study finds a nonlinear relationship between income and asset diversification and market values which shows that the financial market in Kenya is efficient enough to place a value on the diversification decision of commercial banks. The study results also reveal that firms with more market power as a result of their size were valued more than small firms.
Building strengths in information communication and technology in Kenyan universities: way forward for the 21st century
(Wyno Academic Journal of Social Sciences, 2014-07-15) Oluoch, John; Jeremiah, Osida
A growing number of Universities are in the process of establishing ICT standards to address information society issues of e-government, e-infrastructure, e-industry, e-learning, and e-commerce. Some large universities are in the process of integrating telecommunications, IT, and broadcasting into a single ICT standard. The use of information and communications technology (ICT) is widespread. ICTs are an essential tool for the efficient administration of an organization, and in the delivery of services to its clients. ICTs are being integrated into procedures, structures, and products throughout business, institutions, and the community. The marriage of information technologies and communications combined with the explosive growth in communication networks, illustrated by the Internet, is resulting in major social and economic changes. There is a revolution in the way we electronically store, access, and deliver information which is critical in shaping the effectiveness of an institution. This is equally true of universities. To take advantage of these technologies and use them effectively, universities need to develop an overall framework and strategy for their application, and to have an organizational structure in place to manage the development of strategies and oversee their implementation. This is particularly necessary given the rapid pace at which these technologies are changing. Governments worldwide have taken responsibility to provide national leadership in the development and application of technology in their countries. It is neither efficient nor desirable to implement ICT projects across government, or in any large organization, without having a policy in place with key strategies specified. These must take account of the government’s economic priorities and need for the efficient use of its own resources. This is being achieved by the establishment of an administrative structure within government, with specific responsibilities to develop a national vision for ICT to prepare an implementation plan with key strategies having specific goals to realize the vision, and an action plan for their achievement. A growing number of universities are in the process of establishing ICT models for the 21st Century. This paper outlines the functional requirements for such a standard, and presents a range of best practices for their focus and operation
Business Environmental Forces and Competitive Advantage: An Empirical Study of Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions Facilities in Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2023) Owiyo, Viola; Mulwa, Jonathan M.; Thuo, John Kuria
Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) sector is one of the main contributors of competitiveness across cities and countries. Geographically, Kenya’s vantage position places it as the gateway to East and Central Africa and this has been strengthened by its thriving economy. The MICE sector is considered an economic pillar that boosts the targets envisioned in the Kenya Vision 2030 blueprint. The promotion of the sector through regional markets and appointment of promotional agents for MICE products and services, establishment of a website for promoting services offered in classified MICE facilities, taking part in domestic and international trade fairs, developing marketing resources and monitoring projections on tourist visitations have been undertaken by Kenya Tourism Board. Also, in an effort to expand the sector, 68 international branded hotels were launched in 2019 with an additional 27 expected to penetrate the market by 2024. Despite these initiatives, in the year 2019 MICE sector recorded an insignificant 0.2% increase in revenue, while leisure industry accrued 63.15% in revenue generation. Still in the year 2020, leisure industry accrued revenue of up to 71.56% compared to 0.33% in MICE sector. The gap in proactive marketing of the sector, coupled with bidding and inaccessibility of basic information on the availability of facilities continue to pose a challenge to the expansion of the sector. This research sought to examine the influence that business environmental forces have on competitive advantage of MICE facilities in Kenya, from the lens of Porters Five Forces model of competitive position. The research used explanatory research design anchored on positivist philosophical paradigm. Purposive sampling method was employed and a sample size of 107 drawn from a target population of 496 MICE facilities. Closed-ended questionnaires were utilized during data collection, with key respondents being marketing managers. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis, it was established that business environmental forces have a significant direct effect on competitive advantage (β=0.443, p-value <0.05) an indication that MICE facilities are influenced by business environmental forces.
Commercial Bank Diversification and Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Risk
(Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, 2016) Mulwa, Jonathan Mwau; Kosgei, David
Commercial banks in Kenya have posted good financial performance as indicated by ROA and ROE. This coincides with a period of enormous diversification occasioned by global financial sector liberalization, allowing banks to venture into a range of businesses while maintaining the traditional intermediation business. Theory and empirical evidence is equivocal on the financial performance impact of diversification. Often, theory provides an isolated analysis of the diversification – performance relationship which limits their generalizations especially in the face of systemic financial risks and crisis. Using an ex post factoexplanatory design we investigate whether bank diversification affects financial performance and whether this effect is moderated by solvency and credit risk based on panel data from 34 commercial banks in Kenya over nine firm years. The authors find that income and asset diversification negatively and significantly affect commercial bank ROA while geographical diversification significantly – positively affect both ROA and ROE. We also find a significant positive moderation effect of credit risk on relationship between income diversification and ROA but a significant negative effect on relationship between asset diversification and geographical diversification with both ROA and ROE. On solvency risk, we find a significant positive moderation effect on relationship between geographical diversification and ROE.
Commercial Bank Diversification:
(International Journal of Research in Management & Business Studies, 2015-01-01) Mwau Mulwa, Jonathan; Tarus, Daniel; Kosgei, David
Abstract The banking industry in the entire world has experienced tremendous diversification levels spurred by the sector liberalization and deregulation in the last two decades. This is especially so because of the competitive pressure that has resulted from non-bank institutions entry into the sector as well as the resulting reductions in cost efficiencies and profit margins earlier associated with the intermediation business. While banks have resolved to creative diversification strategies to overcome the profit compression and competition pressure, a number of questions central to this practice still linger and which this paper seeks to address. First, what is diversification in banking? Though, it is clearly defined in strategic management literature, the true meaning of diversification in banking has remained elusive. Secondly, what is the theoretical motivation behind firms and managers pursuit of diversification? Lastly, what are the avenues through which banks can execute a diversification strategy? The research find out that bank diversification is best understood by disaggregating the various elements that constitute the operations, assets and liabilities of commercial banks and can be defined as the conglomeration of different activities, income sources, assets and liabilities in banking operations. The theoretical diversification of diversification stems from the search for market power hypothesised in market power theory, the exploitation and utilization of resource bundles to attain sustainable competitive advantage as proposed by the resource based view theory or pursuing of managerial self interests hypothesised in agency theory. The common approaches through which banks pursue diversification are income diversification, assets diversification, credit diversification, geographical diversification and international diversification
The connection Between length of Residency and Local Residents’ Attitudes Towards Cultural Tourism Development at Kogelo, Kenya
(International Journal of Research in Management and Social Sciences, 2015) Kwoba, Patrick; Ipara, Hellen; Kieti, Damiannah
The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship or interconnection between length of residency and local residents’ attitudes towards cultural tourism development at Kogelo area, Kenya. The locals were randomly sampled where 137 were studied. Descriptive statistic was used to assess the relationship between length of residency and the attitudes of the local residents. The relationship was determined using linear regression and F distribution test was used to test the hypothesis for the research. Residents who had always lived at Kogelo area and those who lived there since the 1990s formed the majority of the respondents by 26.3% each. Additionally, most of the residents accepted tourism development in the area (73%). The calculated value of F of 0.535 was less than the critical or table value of 2.37, and therefore the hypothesis (Ho1) that stated that length of residency does not have a significant effect on the attitudes of local residents towards cultural tourism development among the Kogelo community was accepted.
Corporate governance and performance of universities in Kenya
(International Journal of Social Sciences and Information Technology, 2020-09) Agili, John; Onditi, Arvinlucy; Monari, Fronica
Although strategic management literature strongly acknowledge the existence of a relationship between corporate governance and the overall organizational performance, some studies have reported mixed results about the relationship between the variables. The inconsistency in findings point to the need for further investigations on the ongoing debate about this relationship. This study therefore sought to establish the effect of corporate governance on performance of universities in Kenya. We adopted an explanatory survey research design with 248 respondents formed of universities’ management board members and senior management academic staff (deans/directors/HoDs). Structured questionnaire was used to collect data analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that corporate governance significantly influences organizational performance at 𝑅 2= 0.213, F= 43.410, p-value<0.05. We, thus, concluded that putting in place an effective corporate governance framework enhances corporate performance. The results present important implications to managers of higher learning institutions, other corporate entities, policy makers, and stakeholders in the higher education sector in Kenya and beyond.
Determinants of m-pesa paybill adoption among safaricom m-pesa customers in migori town, Kenya
(International Journal of Social Sciences and Information Technology, 2018-11) Odhiambo, George; Mulwa, Jonathan Mwau; Kemboi, Amrose
The study sought to investigate the determinants of M-Pesa pay bill adoption in Migori Town. The research objectives were to investigate the effect of literacy level on M-Pesa pay bill adoption, the effect of customer awareness on M-Pesa pay bill and the effect of perceived security on M-Pesa pays bill adoption. It was expected that the adoption of M-Pesa pay bill would reduce the institutions overhead cost, queue and reduce time wastage used while travelling to the institutions, though the observation reveals that majority still prefer paying bills directly over the counter. The specific objectives include; establishing the relationship between the literacy level, awareness level and perceived security and M-Pesa pay bill adoption in Migori Town. Explanatory design was appropriate as it allowed the researcher to collect data from respondents and make inferences from the data. Data was analyzed using Multi-Regression tests generated from SPSS version 23. From the study findings, literacy level had a negative effect on M-Pesa pay bill adoption with coeffienct of - 0.268 and p-value of 0.00, while customer awareness had positive effect on M-Pesa pay bill adoption with beta coeffiecient of 0.278 p-value of 0.00. However perceived security had no significantly effect on M-Pesa pay bill adoption with p-value more than 0.05. It is important for safaricom to improve on the M-Pesa pay bill user interface. Customers should understand the risk areas and the precautions set by the institutions to protect the users.
Digitizing Banking Services: An Empirical Analysis of Customer’s Adoption and Usage
(Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2014) Nyangosi, Richard; Nyangau, Samuel N.; Nyariki, Kennedy O.; Nyangau, Andrew S.
Internet and mobile technologies of recent years have gained momentum and are impacting the working of every process including financial services. Financial service providers including banks are turning their necks toward the wave of these technologies. In the essence it has been made mandatory by situations and conditions in the market that they should be adopted to meet customer demands. This paper will focus on the adoption and perceived usefulness of customers on cyber/Internet banking (IB) and cell phone banking (CB) in India, and the. Data for this study is primary in nature and collected through a survey conducted on 250 respondents across north Indian cities. The result confirms that adoption of IB and CB is on the rise though there is a need for awareness programmes as customers consider it viable. Key words: Cyber banking, Customer, Internet, Cell phone banking, SMS banking
Do employees work life policies and empowerment strategies drive employee commitment? evidence from Kenyan referral hospital, synergy effect
(2015-07-19) Goren, Paula; Kemboi, Ambrose; Biwott, Geoffrey Kiprono
Employees with strong organizational commitment are emotionally attached to the organization and have a strong desire to contribute significantly towards organizational success. The importance of individual commitment to the bottom line of the organization is highly essential for improved performance, higher employee loyalty, increased satisfaction and customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to answer the question does employee work life policies and empowerment strategies drive employee commitment? The study employed a case study research design that was conducted at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. The target population was three thousand two hundred (3200) respondents targeted because it was the right respondents in the organisation. A sample size of 340 employees was extracted from the target population using stratified sampling for the departments and simple random sampling for the individual respondents. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Software).The cronbach’s alpha reliability obtained was 0.623. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Based on the observed correlation results, work life policies was the strongest predictor of employee commitment (β = 0.300, t=5.670, p< 0.01), followed by employee empowerment (β = 0.154, t=2.820, p<0.01), the findings indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between employee work life policies ,strategy and affective commitment (r=0.317, p<0.01); normative commitment (r=0.329, p<0.01); and continuance commitment (r=0.328, p<0.01) the study also established that there was a significant positive correlation between employee empowerment and affective commitment (r=0.186, p<0.01); normative commitment (r=0.194, p<0.01); and continuance commitment (r=0.188, p<0.01). The study recommends that MTRH lays down proper structures for enhancing employee commitment since as seen from the study employee work life and empowerment drives employee commitment.
Does Average Collection Period affect Profitability of Manufacturing and Allied companies listed on NSE?
(Global Scientific Journals, 2021-08) Ogada, Aduda Jacob; Wagude, Janet; Odada, John Ernest
The study sought to evaluate the effect of average Collection Period on Profitability of manufacturing and Allied companies listed on NSE. An explanatory research design was used. The area of interest was all the nine firms listed in NSE. The study utilized secondary data, which was acquired from manufacturing and allied firms’ annual reports for the last ten years between 2009 and 2018. The data was then analyzed by employing descriptive as well inferential statistics with the support of Statistical software SPSS for statistical analysis. Additionally, descriptive statistics mainly focused on computation of mean, percentage, standard deviation as well as frequencies. Inferential statistics composed of correlation as well as multivariate regression parameters and coefficients. The study found that ACP has an inverse and significant influence on profitability (ROA) of manufacturing and allied firms cited in NSE (β1=-2375624; p-value=0.000). The study therefore recommends that manufacturing and allied firms should minimize the period of time that their customers take to pay for goods sold to them. This can be achieved through increasing the efficiency of industrial operations. The management of firms should establish ways of increasing ACP so as to improve their firms’ profitability
Does Average Collection Period affect Profitability of Manufacturing and Allied companies listed on NSE?
(Global Scientific Journal (GSJ), 2021-08) Ogada, Aduda Jacob; Wagude, Janet; Odada, John Ernest
The study sought to evaluate the effect of average Collection Period on Profitability of manufacturing and Allied companies listed on NSE. An explanatory research design was used. The area of interest was all the nine firms listed in NSE. The study utilized secondary data, which was acquired from manufacturing and allied firms’ annual reports for the last ten years between 2009 and 2018. The data was then analyzed by employing descriptive as well inferential statistics with the support of Statistical software SPSS for statistical analysis. Additionally, descriptive statistics mainly focused on computation of mean, percentage, standard deviation as well as frequencies. Inferential statistics composed of correlation as well as multivariate regression parameters and coefficients. The study found that ACP has an inverse and significant influence on profitability (ROA) of manufacturing and allied firms cited in NSE (β1=-2375624; p-value=0.000). The study therefore recommends that manufacturing and allied firms should minimize the period of time that their customers take to pay for goods sold to them. This can be achieved through increasing the efficiency of industrial operations. The management of firms should establish ways of increasing ACP so as to improve their firms’ profitability
Does Financing Diversification Matter?
(3-07) Mulwa, Jonathan Mwau
Financial sector liberalization in Kenya and the far world has created an enormous spectrum from which Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (Saccos) can raise finances from. This has coincided with a period of good performances for a number of Saccos. However, there is no certain indication of a link between the good performance and the financing diversification; it is not clear whether those Saccos who have diverse financing sources perform any better than those who rely on their members’ savings. This paper therefore sought to establish the effect of financing diversification on the performance of Saccos by answering the question; does financing diversification affect the performance of a Sacco? The study used a descriptive correlational design with the study population being all Kenya Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives (KUSCCO) member Saccos registered in Kakamega County. Data was collected from a key informant in every Sacco using a questionnaire and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis was done to identify any trends and dispersions in the data while Karl Pearson’s zero order coefficient of correlation was used to determine the nature of relationship between financing diversification and Sacco performance. Regression analysis was done to model the relationship between financing diversification and Sacco performance. The study found out that financing diversification had a significant positive effect on Sacco performance. The study has, however, recommended further researches to establish the risk implications of financing diversification on Saccos.
Does Mainstreaming Board-Level Leadership affect Employee Performance?
(Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 2021) Bett, Julie Chepkoech
Leadership is a determinant of the success or failure of any organization. A leader is an individual who induces others and guides them to execute particular duties and to give their best towards achieving the desired goals. Leadership style is a pattern and approach of providing guidance, implementing plans, and motivating people. The role of a leader is critical for the survival and progress of an organization. Leadership helps in developing the organization's objectives, values, and vision. Besides the leadership style of top management, there are the roles of Board of Directors that have a significant impact on organizational performance. The alignment between Board of directors' roles and top management leadership style should be taken into consideration because ineffective coordination between them will influence the organizational performance.

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