Journal Articles

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3rd International Conference on Food chemistry and nutrition
(Journal of Experimental Food Chemistry, 2018-05-16) Mbakaya, Charles
Academic Dean and the Challenges of Meeting Changing Expectations within a Competitive Higher Education Environment in Africa
(Scientific Research An Academic Publisher, 2015) Otara, Alfred
This article looks at the challenges involved and seeks to provide guidelines for leadership decisions and practices for the Deans that can be effective in institutions of higher learning. This paper provides an overview of academic leadership by faculty deans, and assesses the degree to which deans exhibit the behaviors embedded in this leadership in addressing the challenges and expectations of this century. Deanship is therefore treated as the academic act of building programs and a community of scholars to set direction and achieve the expectations of stakeholders in the current challenging economic times. The need for transformational leadership is emphasized. The paper shows how academic leaders must be the purveyors of ideas and knowledge that shape managerial thought and practice. Further, academic leadership needs to develop a human resource network inside and outside the departments and university and at the local, national, and international levels. Academic leadership needs to have a clarified program for faculty and staff promotion and development, and it should be placed on a priority list and agenda. Deans will need to use technology effectively and communication innovations to improve access to knowledge. Keeping pace with change in the world of work means offering education programmes that are relevant, are of high quality and, increasingly, include practical or work experience, as well as working more closely with stakeholders such as employers in course design or delivery. They will also need significantly to streamline their operations by incorporating new teaching and learning delivery mechanisms. Finally it is observed that academic leaders should take the initiative by adopting measures of success that are truly useful management tools for their institutions and that have credibility with the institution’s external stakeholders.
Adoption Conceptual Model for Intelligent Waste Management in Smart Cities: Theoretical Review
(2020) Oloo, Stephen Ajwang; Abila, James Onyango; Irish, Tejero-Dakay
Purpose –Adoption of technologies in waste management in developing countries has largely lagged leading to poor waste collection and disposal exposing the city dwellers to health hazards and points of extortion. The delay has been occasioned by several technology adoption inhibitors. This paper, therefore, proposes am integration of three adoption models: diffusion of innovation (DoI), technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology readiness index (TRI) models towards enhancing understanding of the factors that may influence acceptance and use of smart waste management system in a smart city Method – This paper critically reviewed the available literature on DoI, TAM, and TRI models and highlighted the challenges of applying each model and thereafter, proposed an integrated model based on the strength exhibited by each model. 427 Results –Despite the wide use of DoI, TAM, and TRI models, the models have weaknesses when applied independently for intelligent waste management. For instance: DoI focuses on innovation rather than information technology, does not support participatory adoption of technology, and lacks psychometrics characterization of users' behavioral intentions; TAM may not measure user’s readiness and deals with perception to use technology rather than the actual use; TRI presupposes that users must be well equipped with the required infrastructure, skills, beliefs, and attitude to use technology. The integrated model may solve these weaknesses by drawing from the strength of each model while focusing on innovation (DoI), perceptions (TAM) and readiness (TRI) Conclusion – The model may enhance the adoption of the waste management system by focusing on(i) the innovation covered byDoImodel and (ii) the intended users; characterized by both perceptions through the TAM model; and readiness provided by the TRI model. Recommendations – The study recommends the actual application of the model to test the hypothesis adduced that integrating the models would enhance the adoption and use of intelligent systems for waste management in smart cities. Practical Implications – The proposed model could help city planners to formulate a good strategy mix for the intended use(rs) of an intelligent waste management system.
Adoption of Drought Tolerant Sorghum in Western Kenya
(Moi University Press, 2012) Ouma, Evans Ochieng; Kisinyo, Peter; Gudu, Samuel; Mugalavai, Violet; Nyangweso, Peter; Onkware, Augustino
Food and nutritional insecurity are responsible for poverty and low livelihoods of about 33% of people living in western part of Kenya. This is against MDG1. The production of sorghum which is a staple food crop is below 0.5 t/ha, against the potential of 3-4 t/ha. Drought is a major factor responsible for the low and declining yields of sorghum, especially in the smallholder farms where agricultural inputs including improved cultivars are not normally utilized. Drought tolerant sorghum variety has been developed and deployed to western Kenya and its uptake remains low. The study aimed at assessing factors influencing adoption of drought tolerant sorghum variety. The research was carried out in various sites in Nyanza and Western Provinces. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Systematic random sampling was employed in selected sites to identify 100 small scale sorghum farmers. The results showed that about 88 percent of farmers used uncertified sorghum seed. About 41 percent of farmers were aware of drought tolerant sorghum. Despite the significant level of awareness, only 7 percent had adopted drought tolerant sorghum. The probit model identified age, gender, social capital, sorghum farm size, income, extension, and total land holding as significant factors affecting adoption of drought tolerant sorghum. It is recommended that technology disseminators in sorghum should target the older farmers; farmers to operate in groups to access technology, farmers to increase the land size allocated to sorghum, and extension agents should strengthen their role as the link between research and the farmer.
Adoption of Sahiwal Cattle and Household Food Security among Pastoralist Communities: The Case of Isiria Maasai of Kenya
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2020-12) Saranta, Moses Kipainoi; Otengah, Wilson A. P.
Pastoralism enabled households to attain livelihood outcomes, including food security. Over the years climatic and socio-economic changes have affected livestock production practices and pastoralist have responded in a myriad of ways. Governments and non governmental organizations also intervened through programmes to improve pastoralists’ food security. Studies on the impact of the programmes indicated mixed results with some recording improved food security while others indicated deterioration. This study investigated the association between adoption of Sahiwal cattle and household food security among Isiria Maasai of Narok County, Kenya. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to collect and analyse information from a sample of 400 households selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and compare respondents’ attributes. The study used Spearman Correlation Coefficient to test for the association between adoption of Sahiwal cattle and household food security. Results indicated that all households were food secure with 70.0% of the respondents having high dietary diversities. Most respondents consumed milk and milk products (91%), fruits (69%) as well as vegetables and leaves (61.7%). Sahiwal cattle adopters with high dietary diversity were more than non-adopters. There was a positive, significant weak association between adoption of Sahiwal cattle and household food security
Adoption of Sahiwal Cattle and Household Food Security among Pastoralist Communities: The Case of Isiria Maasai of Kenya
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2020) Otengah, Wilson; Saranta, Moses Kipainoi
Pastoralism enabled households to attain livelihood outcomes, including food security. Over the years climatic and socio-economic changes have affected livestock production practices and pastoralist have responded in a myriad of ways. Governments and nongovernmental organizations also intervened through programmes to improve pastoralists’ food security. Studies on the impact of the programmes indicated mixed results with some recording improved food security while others indicated deterioration. This study investigated the association between adoption of Sahiwal cattle and household food security among Isiria Maasai of Narok County, Kenya. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to collect and analyse information from a sample of 400 households selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and compare respondents’ attributes. The study used Spearman Correlation Coefficient to test for the association between adoption of Sahiwal cattle and household food security. Results indicated that all households were food secure with 70.0% of the respondents having high dietary diversities. Most respondents consumed milk and milk products (91%), fruits (69%) as well as vegetables and leaves (61.7%). Sahiwal cattle adopters with high dietary diversity were more than non-adopters. There was a positive, significant weak association between adoption of Sahiwal cattle and household food security.
The Aesthetic Function of the Style of Masking as used in V.S. Naipaul’s collection of Sketches, Miguel Street
(International journal of English Language, Literature and Translation Studies (IJERL), 2016) Paulino, Stella Kagwiria; Weche, Michael
The study is based on the assumption that literary style is paramount to literary communication and the meaning we derive out of a work of literature. Literary meaning cannot therefore be divorced from literary style. The purpose of the study is to examine how the style of masking communicates meaning in V.S. Naipaul’s collection of sketches, Miguel Street. The technique of masking is analyzed to show its aesthetic function in the text. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the text and show how the technique is used by the writer to communicate meaning and artistic vision. The rationale of the study is based on the recognition of Naipaul as one of the best world writers and more important that though his works have received extensive literary attention, little has been done on the aesthetic function of the style of masking in the text under study. The study therefore gives a new direction of reading Naipaul’s works and thus contributes not only to the understanding of Naipaul’s idiocyncratic manner of artistic communication but also to the richness of his literature. The sampled text was purposively chosen based on the aim of the study. The study is grounded in the New Historicism literary theory and more specifically the theory’s tenets that emphasize the study of literary works from a historical context.
The aesthetic function of the style of masking as used in v.s. naipaul’s collection of sketches, miguel street
(International journal of English, literature and translation studies, 2016) Weche, Michael; Kagwiria, Stella
The study is based on the assumption that literary style is paramount to literary communication and the meaning we derive out of a work of literature. Literary meaning cannot therefore be divorced from literary style. The purpose of the study is to examine how the style of masking communicates meaning in V.S. Naipaul’s collection of sketches, Miguel Street. The technique of masking is analyzed to show its aesthetic function in the text. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the text and show how the technique is used by the writer to communicate meaning and artistic vision. The rationale of the study is based on the recognition of Naipaul as one of the best world writers and more important that though his works have received extensive literary attention, little has been done on the aesthetic function of the style of masking in the text under study. The study therefore gives a new direction of reading Naipaul’s works and thus contributes not only to the understanding of Naipaul’s idiocyncratic manner of artistic communication but also to the richness of his literature. The sampled text was purposively chosen based on the aim of the study. The study is grounded in the New Historicism literary theory and more specifically the theory’s tenets that emphasize the study of literary works from a historical context.
Agile Communication Channels for Enhancing Adoption of Extension Services
(International Multidisciplinary Conference of Rongo University (IJORU), 2024-07-16) Makodiah, Johanes; Abila, James; Agalo, Jerry
Many governments and multi-national agencies have directed a lot of resources towards improving agricultural extension communication but without coordinated, responsive, and audience-focused agricultural extension channels, these efforts have gone to waste. The main objective of this study is to examine the agility of communication channels for enhancing the adoption of agricultural extension services. The study examined the appropriateness, and interactivity of channels; A total of 279 farmers selected from Migori and Homa Bay Counties were interviewed to share their experiences on the agility of channels used during extension services in the production of orange fleshed sweet potatoes. The study population consisted of farmers who participated in Accelerated Value Chain Development (AVCD) project which was implemented by International Potato Centre (CIP) in the two counties in 2017 and 2018. The respondents were identified using systematic random sampling. Quantitative data collection was conducted by use of mobile phone application, Kobocollect. It was established that there was channel agility in terms of venue appropriateness (49%) and the impact of training received (90%) by farmers. There was average interaction agility whereby face to face engagement recorded (48%) most of the time and (49%) half the time. Emerging channels interaction agility was observed in the use of digital platforms (mobile invitation) for meetings at (52%) and inclusion of channel interaction through demonstration was high at (61%). This implies that there is average channel appropriateness and interaction. The extension officers of government and NGOs can use this knowledge of the sensitive, flexible, iterative nature of communication channels to vary their approaches as they communicate during their extension programmes.
Agroforestry and Household Food Security Status among Small-Scale Farmers in Kubo South and Samburu Wards of Kwale County, Kenya
(East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry, 2022-05-24) odit, bernard; Ong’ayo, Hilda; Nyamai, Daniel
This study investigated the contributions of agroforestry to household food security in Kwale County. The study objectives were to determine the status of agroforestry, the status of household food security, and the relationship between agroforestry and household food security. Descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was applied, with multistage sampling procedure, which comprised of purposive and random sampling for selection of the study sites and respondents from different villages in Kubo south and Samburu wards, Kwale County. The sample size for the study comprised of 270 smallholders and 10 key informants. The study used a combination of instruments, namely, structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, observation, and interview schedules. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to test relationship between agroforestry and household food security. The study found that 14.1 % were food secure, 2.96 % households mildly food insecure, 54.81 % were moderately food insecure and 27.41 % were severely food insecure. Majority of farmers practice agrosilvopastoral system of agroforestry due to the multiplicity of social, economic, and environmental benefits they derive from it. The results further indicated that challenges facing agroforestry farmers include poor access to credit, inadequate extension services, wildlife destruction, pests and diseases, and inadequate markets for agroforestry products. The study concludes that there is high level of food insecurity among smallholder farmers and recommends concerted efforts by county and national governments to intensify the practice of agroforestry, improvement of access to inputs for agroforestry, allocate more land for agroforestry practice, proper tree species selection, adoption of best agroforestry practices based on research, and suitable tree planting arrangements for improved household food security.
Aluminum tolerance mechanisms in Kenyan maize germplasm are independent from the citrate transporter ZmMATE1
(Scientific Reports, 2020) Matonye, Thomas K.; Gudu, Samuel; Kisinyo, Peter; Matonye, Thomas K.; Barros, Beatriz A.; Ouma, Evans Ochieng; Cheprot, Reuben K.; Apolinário, Leandro C.; Ligeyo, Dickson O.; Costa, Marcella B. R.; Were, Beatrice Ang’iyo; Onkware, Augustino; Noda, Roberto W.; Magalhaes, Jurandir V.; Guimaraes, Claudia T.
Analysis of AFLP Markers for Screening Resistance to Common Bean Roots Rot (Pythium spp.)
(American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2015) Nyakio K, Maryrose; Palapala, Valerie; Katherine A. Steele, Katherine A.; Otsyula, Reuben
Aims: To investigate AFLPs for suitability as potential markers for identification of sources of Pythium resistance in bean genotypes preferred by poor small holder farmers. Place and Duration of Study: Department of biological sciences Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and Bangor University, North Wales, United Kingdom, between September 2010 and December 2012. Methodology: 45 common bean accessions comprising 35 seed samples collected from farmers, market centers, as well as seed stockists and ten common bean lines generated from a conventional breeding program with differential resistance to the pathogen Pythium were subjected to AFLP analysis. Genetic characterization using cluster and principal component analysis were conducted to determine segregating patterns of bean accessions in relation to tolerant and Original Research Article Maryrose et al.; AJEA, 5(4): 374-391, 2015; Article no.AJEA.2015.039 375 susceptible bean lines. Average genetic distances were calculated and similarity coefficients subjected to unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages to generate dendograms. Results: Two informative AFLP primer combinations yielded 194 polymorphic loci. Genetic distance of bean samples from KARI Kakamega had 56 to 414 base pairs with a variability index of 0.63 to 0.90. Combined analysis of bean accessions from KARI breeding program and market class common bean samples revealed a variability index range of 0.62 to 0.90 with 56 to 420 base pairs. PCA contributed about 51.58% on the genetic variation. Cluster analysis of the 10 KARI-Kakamega bean lines revealed that resistant bean varieties were genetically different from the susceptible bean varieties. The dendogram generated revealed four sub-groups and with the exception of Alulu, a mildly resistant cultivar, that segregated alongside resistant cultivars, resistant varieties clustered differently from susceptible cultivars. However, screening with farmers’ germplasm produced a dendogram that revealed a mixture of distinct and relatively non-distinct categorization with regard to resistance. Only resistant cultivars AN1062, R2075, R719 and R1946 and susceptible cultivars GLP2 and GLP585 clustered together as expected. The others segregated randomly alongside the farmers’ germplasm. Resistant varieties AND1062, R2075, R719, R1946 and SCAM80 were more genetically related to marketable class of beans. R1946 R719, R2075 and AND1062 are closely related genetically compared to Mw001, KK15, Alulu and GLP2. Conclusion: AFLP is a relatively informative technique that has a great potential of delineating susceptible and resistant Pythium root rot dry bean varieties, and can be used as a preliminary guide to carry out further analysis. It is notable that the AFLP markers used were not able to clearly distinguish all the cultivars comprehensively and should not be used alone in determining resistance levels. The information generated in this study will contribute to the propagation of acceptable market class bean lines with resistance to Pythium root rot for improved livelihood and increased food security
Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala methanol and n-hexane seed extracts on bacteria implicated in water borne diseases
(African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2010-11) Arama, Peter; Atieno, Walter; Wagai, Samuel; Ogur, Joseph
The anti-bacterial activity of methanol and n-hexane extracts of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala seeds was conducted on 3 bacterial species (Salmonella typhii, Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli) which normally cause water borne diseases. The paper disc diffusion method was used with treatments arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. The highest inhibitions were observed at dilutions of 20, 5 and 40% for M. oleifera and M. stenopetala methanol extracts on E. coli, S. typhi and V. cholerae respectively. The n-hexane extract of both M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had a higher inhibition on S. typhii than V. cholerae and E. coli. The results of this study showed that M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had a degree of antibacterial properties especially in low doses.
Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala methanol and n-hexane seed extracts on bacteria implicated in water borne diseases
(African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011) Peter, Arama; Walter, Atieno; Wagai, Samuel; Joseph, Ogur
The anti-bacterial activity of methanol and n-hexane extracts of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala seeds was conducted on 3 bacterial species (Salmonella typhii, Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli) which normally cause water borne diseases. The paper disc diffusion method was used with treatments arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. The highest inhibitions were observed at dilutions of 20, 5 and 40% for M. oleifera and M. stenopetala methanol extracts on E. coli, S. typhi and V. cholerae respectively. The n-hexane extract of both M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had a higher inhibition on S. typhii than V. cholerae and E. coli. The results of this study showed that M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had a degree of antibacterial properties especially in low doses.
Application of Rules and Regulations on Students’ Involvement in Arson at public boarding secondary schools in Migori County, Kenya
(International J ournal of Re search and Innovati on in S ocial Sci ence (IJRISS, 2022-05) K’odero, Jannes Okinyi; Otengah, Wilson A. P.; Okello, Lazarus Millan
In the last 20 years, there has been a global increase in episodes of school unrest characterized by violence and arson attacks. They resulted in the destruction of school property and deaths. Arson persists, with the latest cases seen in 2021. Past studies have not focused on social and cultural aspects in learning institutions as possible causes of arson. The study focused on the application of rules and regulations on students’ involvement in arson at public boarding secondary schools in Migori County. Descriptive Cross-sectional survey design. It involved 380 students in Forms 3 and 4 from 28 public boarding secondary schools that experienced arson from 2017 to 2020; and 28 KII’s. Probability sampling techniques were used to arrive at the respondents, KII’s were purposively selected. Questionnaires and FGDs were used on respondents; and interview schedule for KIIs. Quantitative data was analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlations and presented in graphs, tables and charts. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. It was revealed that utilization of school rules and regulations had a positive significant relationship (r= .447, p<.05) with students’ involvement in arson. Further, informal discussions on school rules and regulations had a positive relationship (r =.487, p<.05) with students’ involvement in arson. The study recommends that the ministry of education should outline the guidelines for the formulation of school rules and regulations.
Application of Rules and Regulations on Students’ Involvement in Arson at public boarding secondary schools in Migori County, Kenya
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2022-05) Okello, Lazarus Millan; Otengah, Wilson A. P.; K’oder, Jannes Okinyi
In the last 20 years there has been global increase of episodes of school unrests characterized with violence and arson attacks. They resulted to destruction of schools’ property and death. Arson persists with latest cases seen in 2021. Past studies have not focused on social and cultural aspects in learning institutions as possible causes of arson. The study focused on the application of rules and regulations on students’ involvement in Arson at public boarding Secondary schools in Migori County. Descriptive Cross-sectional survey design. It involved 380 students of form 3 and 4 from 28 public boarding secondary schools which had experienced Arson from 2017 to 2020; and 28 KII’s. Probability sampling techniques were used to arrive at the respondents, KII’s were purposively selected. Questionnaires and FGDs were used on main respondents; and interview schedule for KIIs. Quantitative data was analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlations and presented in graphs, tables and charts. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. It was revealed that utilization of school rules and regulations had a positive significant relationship (r= .447, p<.05) with students’ involvement in arson. Further, informal discussion on school rules and regulations had a positive significant relationship (r= .487, p<.05) with students’ involvement in arson. The study recommends that the ministry of education should outline the guidelines for formulation of school rules and regulations.
Aquaculture Strategy For Restoration of Threatened Lake Victoria Fishes
(The East African Community, 2006) Maithya, Jacob
The endemic Oreochromis variabilis and L. victorianus are among Lake Victoria’s most threatened fish species whose population sizes are on the decline. This study, carried out between August 2000 and April 2001, aimed at characterizing the ‘refugia’ ecosystems of O. variabilis and its growth performance in small water bodies (SWBs), developing artificial spawning techniques and characterizing existing morphological and genetic variation of extant populations of L. victorianus in order to bring the species under aquaculture as a restoration strategy. Studies of O. variabilis were carried out by comparing its growth performance in stocked semi-intensive and modified extensive closed systems in different ecological zones within the Lake Victoria basin. Growth in O. variabilis evaluated as average growth rates, was satisfactory in both systems and eco-zones, even in areas with extreme environmental gradients. The isometric characteristics of O.variabilis estimated by formula W = aL b were better than those of wild populations in the ‘refugia’ ecosystems in each respective eco-zone. Multivariate analysis of morphological data showed that there was reasonable differentiation between L. victorianus populations from different drainages, with the southern populations being most distinct. Majority of the variation in L. victorianus was within populations (91.3%), with an overall FST of 0.08846 for all loci. For effective aquaculture and conservation, fish breeders should use local fish material for their stocking programs; yet ensure that different age classes form part of their brood-stock. L. victorianus was spawned artificially using intramuscular injection of Clarias gariepinus pituitary extracts (C.g.PE) and Human chorionic gonadotropin (HcG) to induce ovulation. Successful inducement of ovulation occurred only in trials with C.gPE. Fertilization rates in breeding experiments for L. victorianus averaged 86% and hatching percentages 70%. This study indicates the viability of the two species for culture in the basin. More hope is therefore raised for expansion on the farming practices in the basin. Such a fisheries production can provide 75% of the animal protein requirements of the poor rural households and guarantee continued survival of the species within the basin. Stocking of small water bodies for increased fish production enhances further, the integrated resource use and management of the endemic but threatened Lake Victoria fish stocks.
An Assessment of Audience Participation in Community Radio Programing, Production and Content Delivery: The Case of Togotane FM in Kenya
(THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES, 2021-05) Ziz, Isabel Zattu; Otieno, Dr. Millicent; Abila, Dr. James
This study was underpinned by the democratic participant theory, which avers that audience participation in radio programing, production and content delivery plays a key role in awareness creation. The study applied the theory to investigate the level of audience participation in a community radio in Kenya,Togotane FM. Togotane FM is broadcasts among the Kuria community, who are one of the few groups that still practice female genital mutilation in Kenya. Data were collected from 399 main respondents and 51 key informants who included Togotane FM staff and community resource persons. The study found that the level of community participation in programing, production and content delivery is very low, and the community only participates in giving feedback during live shows, or after the shows. Based on this, the study recommends greater audience participation.
An Assessment of Audience Participation in Community Radio Programing, Production and Content Delivery
(2021-05-05) Zatu Isabel; Otieno, Millicent; Abila, James
This study was underpinned by the democratic participant theory, which avers that audience participation in radio programing, production and content delivery plays a key role in awareness creation. The study applied the theory to investigate the level of audience participation in a community radio in Kenya, Togotane FM. Togotane FM is broadcasts among the Kuria community, who are one of the few groups that still practice female genital mutilation in Kenya. Data were collected from 399 main respondents and 51 key informants who included Togotane FM staff and community resource persons. The study found that the level of community participation in programing, production and content delivery is very low, and the conmunity only participates in giving feedback during live shows, or after the shows. Based on this, the study recommends greater audience participation.
An Assessment of Audience Participation in Community Radio Programing, Production and Content Delivery: The Case of Togotane FM in Kenya
(THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES, 2021-05) Zattu, Isabel Ziz; Otieno, Dr. Millicent; Abila, Dr. James
This study was underpinned by the democratic participant theory, which avers that audience participation in radio programing, production and content delivery plays a key role in awareness creation. The study applied the theory to investigate the level of audience participation in a community radio in Kenya,Togotane FM. Togotane FM is broadcasts among the Kuria community, who are one of the few groups that still practice female genital mutilation in Kenya. Data were collected from 399 main respondents and 51 key informants who included Togotane FM staff and community resource persons. The study found that the level of community participation in programing, production and content delivery is very low, and the community only participates in giving feedback during live shows, or after the shows. Based on this, the study recommends greater audience participation.

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