Journal Articles

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Adoption Conceptual Model for Intelligent Waste Management in Smart Cities: Theoretical Review
(2020) Oloo, Stephen Ajwang; Abila, James Onyango; Irish, Tejero-Dakay
Purpose –Adoption of technologies in waste management in developing countries has largely lagged leading to poor waste collection and disposal exposing the city dwellers to health hazards and points of extortion. The delay has been occasioned by several technology adoption inhibitors. This paper, therefore, proposes am integration of three adoption models: diffusion of innovation (DoI), technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology readiness index (TRI) models towards enhancing understanding of the factors that may influence acceptance and use of smart waste management system in a smart city Method – This paper critically reviewed the available literature on DoI, TAM, and TRI models and highlighted the challenges of applying each model and thereafter, proposed an integrated model based on the strength exhibited by each model. 427 Results –Despite the wide use of DoI, TAM, and TRI models, the models have weaknesses when applied independently for intelligent waste management. For instance: DoI focuses on innovation rather than information technology, does not support participatory adoption of technology, and lacks psychometrics characterization of users' behavioral intentions; TAM may not measure user’s readiness and deals with perception to use technology rather than the actual use; TRI presupposes that users must be well equipped with the required infrastructure, skills, beliefs, and attitude to use technology. The integrated model may solve these weaknesses by drawing from the strength of each model while focusing on innovation (DoI), perceptions (TAM) and readiness (TRI) Conclusion – The model may enhance the adoption of the waste management system by focusing on(i) the innovation covered byDoImodel and (ii) the intended users; characterized by both perceptions through the TAM model; and readiness provided by the TRI model. Recommendations – The study recommends the actual application of the model to test the hypothesis adduced that integrating the models would enhance the adoption and use of intelligent systems for waste management in smart cities. Practical Implications – The proposed model could help city planners to formulate a good strategy mix for the intended use(rs) of an intelligent waste management system.
Electronic Medical Records Software Types in Use within Kisumu County
(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2020) Oluoch, John; Abila, James Onyango; Juma, Rinnie
Electronic Medical Records (EMR) refers to a set of computerized interrelated components that enable data collection, storage, and transformation, aggregate and disseminate information about a patient or a client in a health facility. However, EMR Assessment by Kenya National Aids Control Program (NASCOP) and Division of Health Information System, done earlier identified various EMR systems and other software that are supporting the provision of health care in the country. These software were grouped as; Patient Management Software(e.g.,, C-PADComprehensive Patient Application Data base, OpenMRS-Open Medical Records Software, IQ-CARE and EDPMS), Hospital HMIS Software /ERP Systems, Data Collection and Reporting Software( e.g., C-PAD, OpenMRS, IQ-CARE, EPI-INFO), Data Analysis Software (Kang’a et. al., 2017). This study sought to examine Electronic Medical Records software types in use within Kisumu County. The target population was 525 EMR staff from 7 Sub Counties (clusters) and a sample size of 227 (apportioned to three Sub Counties selected purposively). However, the research intended to reach a sample size of 227 respondents; only 163 out of 227 (72%) questionnaires were received from EMR software users. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data using Statistical Package for Social Scientist version 22.0.
Emerging Patterns in Students-Parents Interaction Interfaces and Platforms’ Use in Kenyan Secondary Boarding Schools
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, 2019) Abila, James Onyango; Mary, Juma
In Kenya, the Ministry of Education banned the use of mobile phones by students while they are in boarding schools without replacing it with a suitable interaction interface. This situation infringes on children’s right to information, as delineated in the child right commission (CRC) which include the right to be heard and to be taken seriously, to free speech and information, and to maintain privacy. There is need for a suitable replacement to letter writing, and direct mobile phones use in secondary boarding schools. This study surveyed student-parent interaction needs so as to come up with computer-based interaction requirements that would enable the development of automated suitable interaction platform between the parents and the students. The study objective was to examine existing students-parents interaction methods and platforms used in secondary boarding schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, in Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated time periods of interaction, whom they interacted with and problems prompting the interactions. Stratified random sampling was used in which sample size of 330 students, 178 parents and 8 teaching staff were investigated. The data collected were descriptively and inferentially analyzed using SPSS and MS-excel applications. The study findings showed that a bigger percentage of the students use mobile phone platform to interact with their parents despite the ministry’s ban. 95.5% of students use mobile platforms to interact with their parents, less than 5% use letters or electronic mail. Most of the students (98.6%) got mobile phones from their teachers, 0.93% from the support staff and 0.47% from their fellow students. Almost half of the students (49%) interact termly with their parents a clear indication that there is need for students –parent interaction interface while they are in boarding schools. Parents and students (80%) concurred that the best time for student parent interaction in schools is 4:10 pm – 6:00 pm. Majority of the students (80%) had interacted with strangers. On the frequency of problems that prompt students to do mobile phone-based interaction, 98.6% of the students mentioned school fee, course books 89.7%, revision books, 80.8%. It also noted that 74.1% of students called their parents to inform them about their performance, 50% over exercise books for doing extra work, 48.2% on health issue, stress (47.8%), Career choice Students (43.3%), exam performance 22.8%, food related problems (19.2%) and 10% complained about special meals. Few students, 6.25% mentioned bullying. Generally, most students interacted because of financial problems (74.1%) followed closely by academic (71.1%) and lastly (33.2%) social problem. This study recommends the need for design of an interface in which each student had an account and logged in using log in credentials and priority in the interface design be given to financial problems and academic issues. The ministry of education and the school head teachers need to allocate funds for provision of a special room for computer to be installed with interaction interface to enable each student get an opportunity to interact with their parent between 4 pm to 6 pm, the teacher on duty be charged with additional responsibility of guarding and supervising student-parent interaction process.
Establishing requirements for an automated interface design for student-parent interaction in secondary boarding schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, Kenya
(International Journal of Research and Scholarly Communication, 2019) Abila, James Onyango; Rono, Lamek; Juma, Mary Akeyo
This paper sought to establish requirement for an automated interface design for student-parent interaction while in secondary boarding school. The study was confined to public boarding secondary schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, in Kenya. A survey methodology and stratified sampling technique with sample size of 330 students, 178 parents and 8 teaching staff were used to come up with appropriate data for research. Cochran equation formula was used to determine the sample size. The data collected were descriptively and inferentially analysed using SPSS and ms-excel applications. The findings from the data analysis and interpretation showed that bigger percentage of students use mobile phones to interact with their parents despite the ministry’s ban. Students’ problems were categorized into three as per the research findings. The categories were social, academic and financial problems. Each category had a list of problems designed as a dropdown menu. This paper incorporated the ideas of the proponents of Gestalt theoretical grid.
Evaluation of Existing Architecture for M-Mining Market Access Information Among Sugarcane Farmers in Migori County, Kenya
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunication, 2017) Abila, James Onyango; Oloo, Stephen Ajwang
The application of mobile technology in agriculture is expanding rapidly, with new devices and applications being available for everyday use. However, the absence of seamless architecture required to integrate mobile devices with server has limited its use. Ideally this kind of architecture would enhance mining and dissemination of expert information to reach farmers on time. Consequently, farmers can hardly set prices and market their sugarcane products on time hence low income characterized by widespread poverty and low living standards. Although mobile data mining has been applied in other sectors of the economy such as transport and stock market, its application in agriculture is still wanting. There is therefore a need to upscale service oriented mobile data mining techniques to improve discovery and dissemination of agricultural market access knowledge. The objectives of this study were to: (i) examine existing architectures for m-mining agricultural resources; and (ii) evaluate their challenges using scenario and experienced based methods. Results showed the existence of predominantly manual system which was limited by various socio-economic and technological challenges including, inconsistency, error prone, poor internet connectivity. The results also showed that the choice of market for sugarcane greatly depended on the price and mode of payment. The study adopted service oriented architecture as the guiding model. The study recommended integration of mobile phones (SMS technology) as suitable architecture for m-mining and dissemination of market access information.
Existing Metrics Use in Indexing ICT Integration in University Teaching
(2019) Abila, James Onyango; Wamocho, Leonard; Anselmo, Peters
ICT integration by universities teaching professionals is emerging as a major concern, this study demonstrate the need to address the integration problem by encouraging existing metrics use in indexing ICT integration as an ICT governance strategy. Quality of integration depends on quality indexing which also depend on quality of existing metrics and their use. Considering the role that University Information Technology Teaching Professionals’ (UITTPs) continuous improvement indexing can offer, towards autonomic governance of the continuous emerging ICTs in the university teaching, this study examined extent in use of existing ICT integration metrics to index ICT integration by the UITTPs. Six metrics for ICT integration were investigated; time, workshop course content relevance, technical malfunctions, support conditions, support services, and motivation and commitment to student learning and staff professional development metrics. Descriptive survey design was used in which interviews were conducted to UITTPs in three (3) public and three (3) private purposively selected universities in Kenya. The findings were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kendall’s correlation of concordance and tested using Chi-square on the extent of concordance and presented with help of frequency tables, figures and percentages. The findings revealed that all the metrics are rarely used for indexing ICT integration (32.8%), and most UITTPs were in discordance on this level of all the six metrics use except for support condition. This implied that the use of metrics for indexing integration has not been formalized across the Kenyan universities. Universities need to be encouraged to identify suitable metrics, formalize them and improve their frequency in use. Secondly, socio based metrics such as content relevance are used more frequently for indexing integration as compared to Technical metrics, sociotechnical metrics balance therefore need to be emphasized by the universities management when determining and using metrics for indexing ICT integration.
A Framework for Telemedicine Care: A Case of Nandi County – Kenya
(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2019) Abila, James Onyango; Olouch, John; Amdany, Sammy
Telemedicine is one of the technologies that use the knowledge of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) to curb geographical barriers while increasing access to healthcare services. This study aimed developing a framework for telemedicine care in Kenya. This study was done in health facilities in Nandi County. The specific objectives of the study were: To examine emergency healthcare need suitable for telemedicine care in Nandi County -Kenya; to analyze the readiness for telemedicine care and to design a suitable telemedicine care framework. This study was conducted using crosssectional descriptive survey research design. The study sampled 4 doctors, 59 nurses, 12 clinical officers, 1 pharmacist and 4 pharmaceutical technologists, making it a sample size of 80 from target population of 650 healthcare workers working at the County hospital two sub county hospitals and 2 health centres. Structured questionnaire and a focused group discussion guide were used to collect the data. Pilot testing for the instruments were done to ascertain to improve on face and content validities. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS software version 20 where both descriptive statistics on emergency healthcare need levels for telemedicine care and the readiness for telemedicine care were computed. Analyzed results were presented using table, pie-chart and bar graphs. From the findings it was evident that 77.5% of the respondents supported that specialist referral services are critically needed. With respect to direct patient care services 82.5% of them supports that these services are critical, 53.8% of the respondents accepted that medical education and mentoring is a critical emergency healthcare need. Concerning remote patient monitoring, 45% of the respondents agreed that it is a critical healthcare need. 51.3% of the respondents perceive that Tele-nursing is a critical healthcare need and on Tele-Pharmacy, 54.5% of them perceive that it is critical. 20% of all respondents perceive that Teleradiology is a critical emergency healthcare need, with less than 20% perceiving that it is least critical.
ICT Integration Indexing Levels: A Study of Selected Kenyan Universities Information Technology Teaching Professionals
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, 2017) Abila, James Onyango; Anselmo, Peters
The Universities Information Technology Teaching Professionals (UITTPs) with better ICT integration index can have better influence to the graduates’ ICT integration level. ICT integration index levels of University ICT teaching professionals reveal that they would still not integrate ICT at transformative levels .Situational analysis of the UITTPs ICT integration index is the foundation for continuous improvement of the UITTPs ICT integration. Situational Analysis is an important technique in designing progressive systems especially social or socio technical systems. It ensures continuity and therefore improves integrations. The aim of this study was to determine current ICT integration levels, The study adopted design based mixed research approach by undertaking a desktop research and descriptive survey to identify existing metrics by purposively sampling 3 public and 3 private Kenyan universities Professionals teaching Information Technology and computing departments and chairs of departments. The surveyed findings were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kendall’s correlation coefficient. Currently UIITP integrate ICT at level III , despite the existence of essential conditions, these University ICT Expert Lecturers would still not integrate ICT at transformative levels .Therefore it is recommended that there is need to continuously support integrators and monitor them . The UITTPs current index of ICT integration can improve the graduates’ ability’s effective use of ICTs. The UITTPs with higher index will expose students to relevant ICT experiences during their teaching while those with low indexes can be supported more through continuous learning.
Information Security Policy Trend as a Foundation to Protecting Information Resources
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, 2012) Abila, James Onyango; Mutua, Stephen; Wabwoba, Franklin; Anselmo, Peters
Although many institutions have implemented technical solutions to protect information resources from adverse events, internal security breaches continue to occur. An approach that emphasizes on information security policy within the institutions is therefore required to make security part of employees’ daily work routines. In order to develop a successful information security culture within an organization, it is worth understanding both technical and non-technical aspects of information security. The purpose of this paper is to outline the strategies and management processes behind implementing a successful Security Policy. Additionally, the paper gives recommendations for the creation of a Security Awareness Program, whose main objective is to provide staff members with a better, if not much improved understanding of the issues stated in a security policy.
Information Security Policy Trend as a Foundation to Protecting Information Resources
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, 2012) Abila, James Onyango; Wabwoba, Franklin; Mutua Stephen
Although many institutions have implemented technical solutions to protect information resources from adverse events, internal security breaches continue to occur. An approach that emphasizes on information security policy within the institutions is therefore required to make security part of employees’ daily work routines. In order to develop a successful information security culture within an organization, it is worth understanding both technical and non-technical aspects of information security. The purpose of this paper is to outline the strategies and management processes behind implementing a successful Security Policy. Additionally, the paper gives recommendations for the creation of a Security Awareness Program, whose main objective is to provide staff members with a better, if not much improved understanding of the issues stated in a security policy.
Interface Platforms Usability for Gold Marketing: A Study of Selected Gold Miners in Migori County- Kenya
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, 2019) Abila, James Onyango; Ronoh, Lamek; Ogalo, Aboge Jane
Gold marketing like any other modern product marketing should be done in a global based platform, to ensure suitable buying with best prices possible in a timely way. However, gold marketing in developing countries Kenya inclusive still rely on middlemen marketing strategies, despite of having advanced and efficient marketing information technological opportunities as the trend has not picked well in some of the developing and third world nations. The objectives of this study were to: (i) examine the type of interfaces currently being used by miners to market gold; (ii) identify type of calls the miners are able to make to create awareness that they have gold to sell; and (iii) find out the ability of the miners to send and retrieve text messages using mobile phones. The findings of the study showed that there exist various types of user interfaces for gold marketing with the most popular being Audio phone calls (37.7%). The findings further indicated that a good number of gold miners still rely on the tradition of waiting for brokers at the mines (22.6%), to buy their gold what is called on site traders. On the other hand, it was realized that, the miners’ ability to send and retrieve text messages using the mobile phones was at (94.34%). The study recommends a need to design an interface model to enable integration of mobile phones (USSD code technology) as a suitable interface for gold marketing in Migori County to promote timely marketing with better pricing, ease of use and access of the interface by marketers. This will lead to adoption of Business to Business (B2B) marketing strategy whereby gold miners sell their gold to buyers who also sell to middlemen or manufacturing industries.
Security Control Requirements for Electronic Health Records
(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2019) Abila, James Onyango; Kemboi, Lucy; Ronoh, Lamek
Health Information System is fundamental in provision of dependable information in support of delivery of healthcare services. The adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHR) provides improved patient care and a more efficient practice management. However the use of EHR raises concerns over protection of patient’s information in terms of security of patient’s information. This study established security control requirements for electronic health records to ensure the Electronic Health Records is secure from any threat that will compromise the safety of patient’s information at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. The investigation embraced an arbitrary testing system to choose an example of 97 out of 133 health records members of staff and and questionnaires designed for data collection. The information gathered from the research instrument was coded and examined utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) adaptation 22.0.

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