dc.contributor.author | Onyango, Teresa Aoko | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-09-27T08:48:40Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-09-27T08:48:40Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-02-28 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Onyango, Teresa Aoko | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | ISSN 2278 – 0211 (Online) | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.rongovarsity.ac.ke/handle/123456789/2407 | |
dc.description.abstract | Water utilities around the world experience varying degrees of water loss and although there has been significant
steps towards reducing it, water losses still occur often as a result of poor infrastructure which cause pipe
bursts/leakages, lack of proper planning, water theft, illegal consumption and water meter irregularities. Illegal
water consumption is rampant where the consumers have a negative attitude towards the water service providers
mainly because of the belief that they are paying for a resource that is abundant and free in nature. The International
Water Association classifies illegal consumption under commercial or apparent losses because the water is believed
to have reached the consumer but it cannot be accounted for and hence does not contribute to the water utilities’
revenue. Cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the level of non-revenue water in Kisumu city’s high and low
density estates using Manyatta and Milimani as a representation of each estate respectively. The survey targeted 384
households out of which 362 were interviewed. Primary data was also collected through Focused Group and
supplemented with secondary of desk review from KIWASCO’s reports. The data collected was subjected to descriptive
analysis and presented using frequencies and percentages. An Analysis of the data collected revealed that 31.7% and
26.8% of households in Manyatta and Milimani consumed water illegally through unmetered connections
respectively, a further 28.9% of the respondents in Manyatta consumed water illegally through illegal reconnection
after their water had been disconnected while this was represented by 30% in Milimani estate which is a clear
indication that consumers in low density estates also consume water illegally contrary to what most people believe. 4
out of the 5 illegal water consumption determinants used by the researcher however indicated that the level of illegal
consumption is higher in high density areas than low density areas by an average of 4.9% but also, it is evident the
percentage is higher in the two estates than the recommended 25%. The paper therefore recommends that
assumptions should not be made that there are no cases of illegal water use in low density areas if the water utility is
to realize its goal of reducing non-revenue water loss to acceptable levels because these areas contribute to nonrevenue water loss just as much as the high-density areas and even though the number of illegal uses maybe low but
the intensity may surpass that of high-density neighborhoods. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | International Journal of Innovative Research and Development | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Volume 10;Issue 2 | |
dc.subject | Non-revenue water, illegal water consumption, high density estates, low density estates | en_US |
dc.title | Examining the Level of Illegal Water Consumption in High- and Low-Density Estates of Kisumu City, Kenya | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |